Seventy-five percent of all gold ever produced has been extracted since 1910. Gold’s heat and electrical conductivity qualities – as well as its resistance to heat, oxygen, moisture, and most corrosive agents – make it most applicable in coinage and jewelry. Being that gold is a soft metal, it is strengthened by being alloyed with other metals such as silver and copper. While the metallic element takes on a yellow color en masse, when finely-divided it can also appear to be black, ruby, or purple in color. Gold has been the standard for monetary exchange in many countries. C 1s XPS spectra of various highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces, untreated, as well as those treated by keV Ar+ beam bombardment and low-energy O2, N2, Ar, and H2O plasmas, have been systematically studied by comparing two XPS peak-fitting procedures. 5 (1974).Gold, Latin aurium for "shining dawn", has been one of the most valued precious metals since prehistoric times and is mentioned several times in the Old Testament. Jones, Composites Science and Technology 42 (1991) 275–298.ī.
Kubomura, 'Oxidation behavior of mesophase pitch based high modulus carbon fibers' “Achievement in Composites in Japan and the United States” Proc. HIRAI, Preprints for 117 committee of Japan Material Society 15 Nov. of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 27 (1982) 39–56. Thomas, “The Chemical Nature of Ion-Bonbarded Carbon: A Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of 'Cleaned' Surfaces of Diamond and Graphite” Proc. Idem., “Effect of anodic oxidation of coal tar based-carbon fiber on the adhesion in epoxy matrix (part II)-Comparative study of three alkaline solutions” submitted for publication in Composites. Peak shapes of undoped polycarbazole and the evaporated. the damped asymmetric lineshape prevents the tail from extending beyond the integration limits resulting in almost identical peak areas when calculated using either the region or the component. C 1s main peaks of doped and undoped polycarbazole were asymmetric, while those of polypyrene were symmetric. An XPS of an evaporated film of carbazole was also measured.
Nakanishi, “Anodic oxidation of coal tar based-carbon fiber on the adhesion in epoxy matrix (part I)-Comparison between H2SO4 and NaOH solution-” submitted for publication in Composites. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of electrochemically synthesized polycarbazole and polypyrene and their BF 4- -doped polymers were measured.Voigt peak shape is a superior shape for peak fitting XPS data. Second component (shifted by 0.9eV from main peak) can be neglected when fitting typical mixed oxide/metal spectra. A well resolved Fe2p 3/2 spectrum for metal shows multiplet splitting. Fe2p peaks have asymmetric shape for metal. the XPS community, while also showing and emphasizing that the. Fe2p region has significantly split spin-orbit components ( metal 13.1eV). Kubomura, “Oxidation behavior of mesophase pitch based high modulus carbon fibers” Proc. Indeed the asymmetric line-shape of the DoniachSunjic model takes into account the secondary electron emission for the main peak. asymmetric XPS signals with various peak shapes that are available to. Fujita, Advances in Fiber Composite Materials 12 (1994) 213–236. Although the origin of the 2nd graphitic peak is not well understood, it may be related to the amount of oxygen on the GC surface.Ī. However, the peak shapes of C 1s spectra of anodic oxidized GC after heat treatment at 1500 ☌ in argon atmosphere were almost the same as the C 1s of untreated GC. The ratio of the 2nd graphitic peak area in the C 1s spectrum increased as the electrical charge increased. The 2nd graphitic peak is normally located +0.7–+0.8 eV away from the original C 1s spectrum. However, it was found that the 2nd-carbon peak should also be taken into consideration in the curve fitting process in addition to the effect of asymmetric peak shape of carbon to obtain a consistent value of O 1s/C 1s. by broad asymmetric peaks which encompasses all Ir(IV), Ir(III) and associated satellite states. Consideration of the asymmetric peak shape of the C 1s spectrum is normally done in order to obtain precise curve fitting results. Keywords: XPS, Iridium, IrO2, fitting, oxide, CasaXPS. An XPS study of anodic oxidized glass-like carbon (GC) was conducted in order to investigate the inconsistency between O 1s/C 1s and oxygen concentration (Ocal.) calculated from the curve fitting results of the C 1s spectrum.